










<V • • • r \> 









DEATH OF 



PRESIDENT HARRISON. 



n^ 



DEATH OF PRESIDENT HARRISOX 



DISCOURSE 



DELIVERED IN THE VILLAGE CHURCH IN AMHERST, MASS. 



ON THE MORNING OF THE 



ANNUAL STATE FAST, 



APRIL S, 1841. 



BY HEM AN HUMPHREY, D. D. 

M 

PRESIDENT OF AMHERST COLLEGE. 




AMHERST : 



J. S. AND C. ADAMS. 
1841. 



• His 



Amherst, April 9, 1341. 
Dear Sir, 

We were deeply interested in the sermon preached by you on the morning of Fast Day, at 
the Rev. Mr. Colton's Church, upon the occasion of the lamented deatli of Gen. Harrison, the 
late President of the United States. We believe that we not only express our own feelings, 
but tlio.se also of the large assembly to which it was addressed, in thanking you for it ; and that 
Ave truly represent the wishes of every person who heard it, in asking you, respectfully, to pre- 
pare a copy for the press. 

DAVID MACK, Jr. 

OSMYN BAKER, 

EDWARD DICKINSON. 

JOHN DICKINSON, Jr. 
REV. DR. HUMPHREY. 



Amherst College, April 9, 1841. 
Gentlemen, 
If, notwithstanding the extreme haste and consequent disadvantages under which the dis- 
course which you are pleased so kindly to notice was prepared, you think it in any degree 
worthy of the occasion, it is at your disposal. 

H. HUMPHREY. 
Messrs. DAVID MACK, Jr. 
OSMYN BAKER, 
EDWARD DICKINSON, 
JOHN DICKINSON, Jr, 



A FUNERAL DISCOURSE. 



When at the funeral of Louis Fourteenth, his favor- 
ite Chaplain rose up to address the vast multitude of 
nobles and courtiers ; of statesmen and warriors and sa- 
vans ; of scholars and artists ; — the proud and acknowl- 
edged representatives of the talent and learning and 
refinement and chivalry of France, all clad in the deep- 
est mourning, the first sentence of the preacher was — 

THERE IS NOTHING GREAT BUT God! And lliethillks 

I hear the solemn response, from all the long drawn 
aisles cf the Cathedral — there is nothing great but 
God ! Kings, Emperors and Presidents ; the proudest 
Rulers of the most enlightened and powerful states — 
what are they but dust, with a little breath to keep the 
particles together, and liable every moment to be dis- 
solved and scattered. 

There are some events, which though common in 
their nature, break upon us like a clap of thunder in a 
clear sky, and quite stun, if they do not strike us to the 
: ground. The shock is so sudden, so unexpected, that 
our faculties are paralized. We are bewildered. Our 
mouths are shut. The power of thought and feeling is 
almost suspended. We want time for silent reflection. 
We shrink into nothing. There is but one voice that 
we can hear, and that is the voice of Gcd. There is 
but one arm that we can see lifted up, and that is his arm. 
When the flash blinded us, Ave were gazing perhaps at 



a nation's idol, and ere we had well recovered our sight, 
the idol was gone. "The dust had returned to the dust 
as it was, and the spirit to God who gave it." 

Two days ago, nothing was further from my expecta- 
tion,than that I should appear before you this morning in 
the place where I now stand ; than that 1 should be 
called to address such an assembly as I see before me ; 
or than that such an assembly would be here. With 
but a few hours for preparation, I am oppressed under 
the consciousness of my entire inability to do justice to 
the mournful occasion of this great gathering ; or even' 
to my own inadequate conception of what it demands. 
But I will not waste, in vain apologies, a moment of your 
time, which may be so much more profitably spent in 
meditating upon the frailty of life in its highest stations, 
and gathering instruction from the sudden demise of 
the chief Magistrate of the nation, to which we belong. 

"The voice said cry, and I said what shall I cry? 
All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof as the 
flower of the grass." " Verily man at his best estate is 
altogether vanity." " What is your life ? It is even a 
vapor that appeareth for a little time and then vanish - 
eth away." " I have said ye are gods ; but ye shall die 
like men, and fall like one of the princes." " Put not 
your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom 
there is no help. His breath goeth forth, he returneth 
to his earth ; in that very day his thoughts perish." 
From these several passages, each of which would be 
sufficiently appropriate, I have selected the last. 



Psalm cxlvi. 3, 4. — Put not your trust in prin- 
ces, NOR IN THE SON OF MAN IN WHOM THERE IS 
NO HELP. HIS BREATH GOETH FORTH, HE RETURN- 
ETH TO HIS EARTH ! IN THAT VERY DAY HIS THOUGHTS 
PERISH. 

The word princes here, must be understood as a gen- 
eral term ; it being evidently used, not to designate a 
particular class of rulers, whether hereditary or elect- 
ive; but it may be applied indifferently to all classes, 
holding the highest offices in the state, whatever may 
be their official titles. The obvious sentiment of the 
test is, 

That no dcpendance can be placed upon the lives of civil 
riders, however exalted in station, or however eminently 
qualified they may be for the discharge of their high du- 
ties. 

This sentiment may be briefly illustrated and en- 
forced : 

I. By a few remarks upon the necessity of the cau- 
tion, Put not your trust in princes. 

II. Upon the reason, or ground of it : And 

III. Upon the sin and folly of disregarding it. 

I. As to the need of such a caution, under the broad 
seal of heaven. Every one, I think, would decide con- 
fidently, a priori, that it could not be necessar}-. But 
here, as in a thousand other cases, however we may try 
to account for it, men are sure to act contrary to the 
plainest dictates of right reason, and all the lessons 
of human experience. No matter from what wisdom, 
or authority the caution emanates, they will continue 
to lean upon props, which are every day falling, and 
which they know to be as insecure as the waves of the 



sea. When, after a hard and doubtful struggle, any 
great political party succeed in elevating their favorite 
candidates to the highest offices, the mass of the peo- 
ple place just about as much reliance upon them, as if 
they knew them to be immortal. Nor is this infatua- 
tion, (for I know not what other name to give it,) con- 
fined to the unthinking multitude. Wise men and 
even good men, with few exceptions, talk and make 
their calculations during the contest, and when it is de- 
cided, just as if they had the assurance of a special rev- 
alation to rest upon. It never enters their minds, or if 
it does, the thought makes no stay and no impression, 
that the men whom they most delight to honor, may be 
lying under a speedy death warrant. Especially do 
they most firmly believe, that their favorites have been 
called to office for high purposes, when great existing 
abuses, or supposed abuses are to be corrected ; when 
they possess just such talents as the public exigences re- 
quire, and when their personal popularity gives them de- 
cided advantages over all their competitors and contem- 
poraries. It is under these circumstances, confidently 
believed, that Providence has raised them up for the 
very purpose of rolling back the tide of corruption and 
venality ; and that whoever else may die,, they will live 
to accomplish the work. And so unconquerable is this 
proneness to trust in " man that is a worm," when he 
happens to be the idol of the day, that the most pain- 
ful lessons of an opposite experience are soon forgotten., 
When " the strong rods " on which men leaned are bro- 
ken, they soon recover themselves sufficiently to transfer 
the same confidence which has failed them, to others, 
whose " foundation also, is in the dust, who are crushed 
before the moth." 

II. I am briefly to notice the ground or reason of the 



caution in our text, " Put not your trust in princes," in 
rulers, however exalted in station, or however eminent- 
ly qualified for the administration of public affairs. 
Here I might say, and both scripture and observation 
would fully bear me out in saying, that aside from the 
uncertainties of life, there are the most weighty rea- 
sons why we should not implicitly confide in the wis- 
dom and integrity of any man, or of any administra- 
tion. Public men, as well as others, are imperfect. 
There is but one perfectly wise Ruler in the Universe. 
The wisest and most far sighted men' whom you can 
place at the helm of state, are liable to err on funda- 
mental questions of national policy. It is impossible 
for any human intellect to grasp all the vital interests 
and infinitely diversified relations, of a great and enter- 
prizing people. There never was a perfect statesman, 
and never will be. Mistakes will be committed, in 
spite of the purest motives and the most untiring assi- 
duity. This might be enlarged upon as a reason why 
we cannot safely trust in princes. 

And then again : we are liable to be deceived in re- 
gard to their integrity. This may be said, without 
casting the slightest suspicion upon any individual, 
whether in office, or out of office. The history of all 
ages and of all governments, proves, that the possession 
of power brings along with it opportunities and temp- 
tations, which men of the fairest characters have not 
always moral principle enough to withstand. Where 
many have fallen, to the astonishment of their most inti- 
mate and confidential friends, and even to their own as- 
tonishment, others may be overcome. I hold to that great 
republican doctrine, that men in power, whatever party 
may have the ascendancj^, need to be watched. I will 
not call them the servants of the people, to flatter any- 



8 

body ; for I do not like the term. I am sure it gives an 
unscriptural view of the relations and responsibilities 
of public men, and in my own judgment, it is as anti- 
republican, as it is unscriptural. In a free government 
like ours, there are no servants nor masters. We are 
all equal. Rulers are neither the masters nor servants 
of the people ; but their representatives, appointed to 
make laws for the government of the state, and to 
watch over all its general interests. 

Whether the modern doctrine of instructing senators 
out of their places, originated in the notion that rulers 
are the servants of the people, I cannot tell ; but the 
two are sufficiently alike, to claim an intimate relation- 
ship ; and though but superficially read myself in pol- 
itical science, I may be allowed, as a free American 
citizen, to claim the right of denying; the soundness 
of both. 

On the other hand, the people are no more the ser- 
vants of the rulers, than they are their masters. When- 
ever they act under free constitutions of goverment 
like ours, they delegate so much of their inherent 
authority to their political equals, under the various 
titles of magistracy, as they judge necessary for the pub- 
lic good ; retaining in their own hands, the right through 
the ballot boxes, of superseeding them, for good and 
sufficient reasons. 

But to return from this digression, to the particular 
ground of the caution specified in our text, — we cannot 
place any certain reliance upon the ablest, the wisest 
and the most popular rulers of the land, because they 
are liable to be taken away at any moment, by the 
stroke of death. Put not your trust in princes, nor in 
the son of man, in whom there is no help. His breath go- 
eth forth, he returneth to the earth : in that very day his 



9 

thoughts perish. You will observe, that there is a pe- 
culiar appropriateness, a sort of reduplication and cli- 
macteric intensity in the terms here employed by the 
Psalmist to warn us against trusting in the mere breath 
of the nostrils. In " the son of man," that is in any 
earthly ruler, however exalted, " there is no help," " his 
breath goeth forth. " He has only to gasp, once, or 
twice, and it is all over. He is dead. From that moment 
the agencies of corruption triumph. He returns to his 
dust, "earth to earth, — ashes to ashes." "In that very 
day his thoughts perish ;" that is, they cease — they pass 
away with his immortal spirit. " There is no device, nor 
knowledge, nor wisdom in the grave whither he goeth." 

No matter how many plans he may have formed for 
the public good ; for restoring the integrity of the Con- 
stitution ; for making the nation respected abroad, and 
prosperous at home: so far as the execution of these plans 
depended upon his life, his agency, his popularity, they 
all perish with him. All his pledges, and the hopes 
which they had excited, vanish like the mist of the 
morning. It is with those who had leaned upon him, 
had trusted in him, as " when a hungry man dreameth 
and behold, he eateth, but he awaketh and his soul is 
empty : or as when a thirsty man dreameth, and behold 
he drinketh ; but he awaketh, and behold he is faint, 
and his soul hath appetite." This brings me 

III. To remark, as briefly as possible, upon the sin 
and folly of such reliances. 

They are sinful. It is wrong to disregard the ad- 
monitions of Scripture — and the teachings of experience. 
Civil government is of divine appointment. " There is 
no power but of God ; the powers that be are ordained 
of God." Rulers, and magistrates are his servants, 
" waiting upon this very thing." When they discharge 
2 



10 

their duties with ability and integrity, they are great 
blessings to the Commonwealth, and we are bound to 
give thanks to God for raising them up and qualifying 
them for stations of honor and influence. And it is our 
unquestionable duty to honor them, as "the ministers of 
God for good. 

But he never intended that we should trust in their 
uncertain lives, or their wisdom, or their popularity, 
" Counsel is mine," saith the Lord, " and sound wisdom ; 
I am understanding ; I have strength. By me kings 
reign and princess decree justice. By me princes rule 
and nobles, even all the judges of the earth." God is 
highly dishonored and displeased, when that glory is 
given to the creature, which belongs to Him as the Cre- 
ator — when a nation, and above all a christian nation, — 
" put their trust in princes," instead of regarding them 
as mere agents appointed by the infinite Ruler, to watch 
over the interests of the State. Where this affront is 
put upon Him from whom all authority emanates, 
and to whom all earthly rulers are accountable, it must 
be expected, that he will either " bring to nothing the 
understanding of the proudest," or take them away in 
his high displeasure, 

I only add, that trusting in the mere breath of the 
most gifted, and popular ruler, argues extreme folly, as 
well as criminal forgetfulness of God, and his most rea- 
sonable claims. There is no safety in it from one hour 
to another. The most active and vigorous public officer 
to day, may be in his shroud tomorrow. It is like trust- 
ing in a spider's web, where we want the strength of a 
cable. Who that has the slightest claim to rationality, 
would, where momentous interests are at stake, place 
his dependance upon mere dust and nothingness, ani- 
mated and enshrined though it might be, or even wor- 



11 

shipped as immortal, by half a nation ? But the folly 
of which I am speaking is too obvious to need any more 
words for its exposure. 

The subject we have now been considering, taken in 
connection with that mournful event, which has de- 
prived these United States of their Chief Magistrate, 
so lately called to the Presidential Chair, cannot fail of 
exeiting many serious and profitable reflections in every 
contemplative mind. The character and public services 
of him, who four days ago held the highest post of honor 
in the world, that of presiding over 15.000.000 of Free- 
men — the remarkable change of public sentiment, by 
which he was triumphantly called to take the helm of 
State — the straight forward frankness and sound con- 
stitutional character of his Inaugural Address — the sound 
judgment he evinced in the choice of his Cabinet — the 
zeal and promptitude with which he entered upon the 
discharge of his official duties — the apparent vigor of his 
constitution — the suddenness of his death — the disap- 
pointment, the shock, which it has everywhere pro- 
duced as far as it is known, and will produce through- 
out the country — the solemn rebuke of an all wise 
Providence in his sudden removal — the possible effect 
which it may have upon the strength and policy of the 
Administration — and the highest interests of the State ; 
all these are topics upon which we might dwell with 
propriety and advantage, did the time permit. But I 
can only make such a selection, as best accords with my 
own habits of thinking, and with the religious improve- 
ment of the event, which must bring all parties to a 
solemn pause, for the moment at least, however it may 
fail of producing any extensive and lasting benefit. 

In the first place, the occasion requires, that we should 
dwell for a few moments upon the character and prin- 



14 

people from the effects of hasty legislation, where their 
will has been probably disregarded, or not well under- 
stood ; and thirdly, to prevent the effects of combina- 
tions, violative of the rights of minorities. In reference 
to the second of these objects, I may observe, that I 
consider it the right and privilege of the people to de- 
cide disputed points of the constitution, arising from 
the general grant of power to Congress, to carry into 
effect the power expressly given." 

With respect to the tenure of the office upon which 
he was at that moment entering, he holds this language. 

"Republics can commit no greater error, than to 
adopt, or continue any features in their systems of gov- 
ernment, which may be calculated to create or increase 
the love of power in the bosoms of those to whom ne- 
cessity obliges them to commit the management of their 
affairs. And surely nothing is more likely to pro- 
duce such a state of mind than the long continuance of 
an office of high trust. 

Nothing can be more corrupting, nothing more de- 
structive of those noble feelings which belong to the 
character of a devoted patriot. When this corrupting 
passion once takes possession of the human mind, like 
the love of gold it becomes insatiable. It is the never 
dying Avorm in his bosom, grows with its growth, and 
strengthens with the declining years of its victim. If 
this is true, it is the part of wisdom, for a republic to 
limit the service of that officer, at least to whom she 
has entrusted the management of her foreign relations, 
the execution of her laws, and the command of her 
armies and navies, to a period so short as to prevent 
his forgetting that he is an accountable agent, not the 
principal. Until an amendment can be effected, pub- 



15 

lie opinion may secure the desired object. I give inl- 
aid to it by renewing the pledge heretofore given, that 
under no circumstances, ivill I consent to serve a second 
term" 

A noble and magnanimous pledge, from the lips of 
the man whom the people delighted to honor, and whom 
they had borne so triumphantly, as it were upon their 
shoulders, to the C apitol, from his own humble dwelling. 
Would that every succeeding President of the United 
States, might view r the subject in the same light, or 
rather, that the constitution might speedily be so amen- 
ded, as to limit the office to one term, of four, or six 
years. How much more independent would it make 
the Chief Magistrate, in all his appointments and meas- 
ures ; and how much surer a guarantee should we have 
that he would serve his country without reference to his 
own private advantage. 

His remarks respecting the poor robbed and perse- 
cuted red men, once the undisputed lords of every acre 
of soil which we possess, are worthy of the exalted 
station which he was called to fill, and O that he had 
been spared for their sakes, as well as our own. 

" In our intercourse with our Aboriginal neighbours, 
the same liberality and justice, which marked the course 
prescribed to me by two of my illustrious predecessors, 
while acting under their direction in the discharge of the 
duties of Superintendent and Commissioner, shall be 
strictly observed. I can conceive of no more sublime 
spectacle — none more likely to propitiate an impartial 
Creator, than a rigid adherence to the principles of jus- 
tice on the part of a powerful nation in its transactions 
with a weaker and uncivilized people, whom circum- 
stances have placed at its disposal." 



16 

The following sentences ought to be "written with a 
pen of iron," hung up in every American dwelling, and 
deeply pondered by every American citizen. 

"To me it appears perfectly clear, that the interest of the 
country requires, that the violence of the spirit, by which 
parties are at this time governed in our country, must be 
greatly mitigated, if not entirely extinguished, or con- 
sequences will ensue, which are appalling to be thought 
of. If parties in a republic are necessary to secure a 
degree of vigilance, sufficient to keep the public func- 
tionaries within the bounds of law and duty, beyond 
that point, they become destructive of public virtue." 

I can make but one quotation more, from the first 
and last address of our lamented Chief Magistrate, and 
let us offer up our fervent supplications to God, that all 
the future Presidents of the United States, may publicly 
recognize, evermore, and be governed by the princi- 
ples of the Bible. Hear the venerable Patriot, at the 
moment when he was about to enter upon the discharge 
of his high and responsible duties. 

" I deem the present occasion sufficiently important and 
solemn, to justify me in expressing to myjelloio citizens, 
my profound reverence for the Christian Religion ; and a 
thorough conviction, thctt sound morals, religious liberty, 
and a just sense of religious responsibility, are essentially 
connected ivith all true and lasting happiness" 

This 1 regard, as equivalent to a well considered and 
public profession of his belief in the Gospel of our Lord 
and Saviour Jesus Christ ; and an expression of his 
fixed purpose, to be governed by its benign and heav- 
enly precepts, in the discharge of his official duties. 



17 

In confirmation of this, I am extremely happy to quote 
the following statement from a Washington paper. 

" It is known that for many years past, General Har- 
rison had become daily more and more impressed with 
religious feelings, always treating serious things serious- 
ly, and showing himself mindful of his future accounta- 
bility. A member of his family has stated that, for 
many months past, he has never omitted the reading of 
the Scriptures every night before retiring to rest, how- 
ever harrassed by company, or worn down b}' fatigue. 
On Monday, the third day of his indisposition, and be- 
fore he felt himself in any particular danger, he de- 
clared to those around him, that he had long been 
deeply impressed with the truths of the Christian Re- 
ligion, and regretted that he had not connected him- 
self with the Church as a communicant." I hasten 

Secondly to remark, that the providence of God, m 
so soon and so suddenly calling him away, is full of ad- 
monition and instruction to the whole people of these 
United States, He is the first President, that has died 
in office, since the organization of the Federal govern- 
ment ; and how affecting is the lesson here taught us 
of the uncertainty of all human dependences ; of the 
emptiness and evanesence of all earthly glory. " His 
breath goeth forth, he returneth to his dust." Four 
days ago, at the head of a great nation, by the 
suffrages of a free people ; and yesterday consigned 
to the tomb ! After an unexampled struggle, in 
which the voice of the people in favor of General 
Harrison was like the continuous roaring of the 
sea, he was declared to be elected President of the 
United States, by an overwhelming majority. The 
day of his inauguration arrives. Never did a more 
propitious sun shine upon any great political consum- 

3 



22 

We deserve the frowns of a Holy God for our pride, 
for our unexampled worldliness, for our oppression and 
robberies, for our multiplied violations of his law, and 
virtual defiances of his power and justice. The Rulers 
have sinned. The people have sinned. We have all 
sinned. Let us therefore humble ourselves under his 
mighty hand, and unite in fervent supplications that he 
will avert from us his righteous judgments. 

Thirdly, if it is wrong, if it is unsafe to trust in civil 
rulers, because they are every moment liable to death, 
it is equally wrong and unsafe for them to trust in their 
own health, or prudence, or exalted stations, to shield 
them from the inevitable stroke. In the multitude of 
their public cares and duties, in the love of power and 
glory, which is almost inseparable from popular favor 
and high stations, they are in extreme danger of for- 
getting that they must "die like men, and fall like one 
of the princes ;" that they are as near akin to dust and 
ashes, as the " lowest of the people." They want some 
faithful monitor, to step into their offices every morning 
and say, Sirs, remember that you are mortal. One of 
the greatest monarchs of the East, did not resent it — he 
required it. He knew that he mustdie, and that there 
was every thing in the cares of State and the voluptu- 
ous indulgences and flatteries of a Court, to drive the 
thought far from him. Yes, O ye Crowned Heads, and 
Royal Princess ; ye Mighty Warriors, and Renowned 
Statesmen ; Ye Republican Presidents and Cabinet 
Counsellors, Ye shall all die like men. Your breath 
goeth forth, ye return to your earth. " Be wise, there- 
fore, now O ye Kings, and be instructed ye judges of the 
earth. Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with 
trembling." 

Fourthly ; Let us be quickened to more frequent and 



23 

earnest prayer for our Rulers. The responsibleness of 
men high in office is overwhelmning; and their duties 
jare extremely arduous. In times of great national em- 
barrassment and peril, many must be their anxious and 
sleepless hours. Of all men in the world, next to min- 
isters of the Gospel, do they need wisdom from above, 
to guide them in their deliberations, and strength to 
sustain them under their burdens. Where they have 
any sense of religion, at all, it must "strengthen their 
hands and encourage their hearts," to know that pray- 
ers are daily going up for them from every part of the 
land ; and if there any who do not wish to be thus re- 
membered before the throne of God, so much the more 
do they need the prayers of all good men. " There is 
utterly a fault," in our churches, with regard to this 
duty ; and it is high time that it should be corrected. 
Of the million and a half of professing christians in this 
country, how many, think you, pray daily and fervent- 
ly for those upon whom devolve the cares of State ; and 
from how many of the thousands of our American pul- 
pits, do there go up more than a few formal and casual 
petitions, in their behalf? I deem the present a fitting 
occasion, to urge upon you this greatly neglected duty j 
and especially to remember those, who are now at the 
head of our national affairs, in the new and trying cir- 
cumstances into which they have been brought, by the 
death of the Chief Magistrate. 

Fifthly ; Let us rejoice, that there is one Supreme 
Ruler, in whom we can put our trust — one who will 
never die ; and who is as " wise in heart, as he is 
nighty in strength !" Any, or all of our greatest men, 
may be cut off. Our Judges may lie down in health at 
night, never to " wake out of sleep till the heavens 
be no more ;" and by an authority which is paramount 



24 

to the Constitution, the terms of our Presidents may b 
shortened to a month, or a day. But as long as th 
God of our Fathers lives and reigns and we put or 
trust in him, we have nothing to fear. With infinit 
ease he can raise up wiser and better men than h 
takes away, or make us secure and prosperous witlioi 
them. Even though there should be Avars and rumo: 
of wars, and nations should " encamp against us," a\ 
might look up with holy exultation and sing, "God 
our refuge and strength, a very present help in troubl 
Therefore will we not fear though the earth be remove ' 
and though the the mountains be carried into the mid | 
of the sea. The Lord of host, is with us, The God « 
Jacob is our refuge." " Blessed is the man who trus 
eth in the Lord and whose hope the Lord is ; for 1 
shall be as a tree planted by the waters, and that sprea( 
eth out her roots by the river, and shall not see whe 
heat, cometh, but her leaf shall be green, and shall n 
be careful in the year of drought, neither shall cea.' 
from yielding fruit." " Happy is that people that is i 
such a case, yea, happy is that people whose God 
the Lord" 



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